Population growth slows in India as world reaches eight billion

India will still become the world’s most populous country next year, according to the UN estimates.

Shoppers crowd at a market place ahead of the Hindu festival of Diwali in Mumbai, India, October 22, 2022.
India estimates its population at 1.38 billion, slightly lower than the 1.4 billion the World Bank estimates for China [File: Niharika Kulkarni/Reuters]

As the global population reaches eight billion, India, formerly a powerful driver of the number of people on the planet, is experiencing a marked slowdown, according to official estimates.

Falling fertility rates in the South Asian country have forced at least one state to consider reviewing policies that encouraged families not to go beyond having two children.

The world’s population is estimated by the United Nations to have hit eight billion on Tuesday, with China and India accounting for more than a third of the total. India estimates its population at 1.38 billion, slightly lower than the 1.4 billion the World Bank estimates for China.

India will become the most populous country in 2023, according to the UN.

FILE PHOTO: Vehicles queue in a long traffic jam at Delhi-Ghaziabad border after local authorities stopped vehicular movement except for essential services during an extended lockdown to slow the spreading of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in New Delhi, India, April 21, 2020. REUTERS/Adnan Abidi TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY/File Photo
India will become the most populous country in 2023, according to the UN [File: Adnan Abidi/Reuters]

But India’s annual population growth has averaged 1.2 percent since 2011, compared with 1.7 percent in the 10 years previously, government figures show.

Further slowing can be expected. India’s total fertility rate (TFR) – children per woman – fell to two in the latest assessment period, for 2019-2021, from 3.4 in 1992-93, according to a government report issued last month.

It is estimated that the average must be 2.1 for the population to reproduce itself.

Increasing use of contraceptives and rising education among girls could have contributed to the decline in fertility rates, the government says.

The use of family-planning methods jumped to 66.7 percent in 2019-21 from 53.5 percent in 2015-16.

That indicated that India’s national population policies and health systems were working, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) said in comments shared with the Reuters news agency.

“As India invests in its younger people, it needs to make plans for a demographic transition to take better care of a greater proportion of older people in the future,” the UNFPA said.

‘Need of the hour’

In Odisha, an eastern state, the TFR dropped 21 percent in only 11 years, between 2008-2010 and 2019-2021, maybe too fast from the point of view of the government there.

“Odisha may need to relook at the policy framework that promotes a two-child norm,” the state’s Planning and Convergence Department said in a June note seen by Reuters. The policies discourage exceeding two but do not encourage reaching that number.

The northeastern state of Assam, with its TFR higher than the national average, is still pushing in the other direction.

In January, it implemented a policy that made anyone with more than two children ineligible for government jobs and election to local and civic bodies.

“This is the need of the hour to have such a legislation in place,” Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma told Reuters.

But such measures have a limited effect on fertility, the UNFPA said, citing global experience.

“Most such schemes have had only a marginal impact on fertility and in some cases have even been counterproductive,” the UN agency said.

Source: Reuters