How a high school dropout forced Nepal gov’t to act on pandemic
A 29-year-old man went on hunger strike and organised a protest, forcing gov’t to agree to boost anti-COVID-19 measures.
On a sunny June day in Nepal, hundreds of young people wearing face masks stood a metre apart behind the barbed-wire barricades and rows of riot police guarding the prime minister’s residence, shouting slogans demanding a better government response to the coronavirus pandemic.
In a rare show of young people humbling a powerful government to action in South Asia, they got one.
But not before hundreds of protesters were drenched with water cannon, some beaten with police batons and others detained. And a charismatic young leader nearly died on a hunger strike.
“Governments have mishandled the coronavirus situation in many countries but it was unique for youths in Nepal to come together for non-political peaceful protests to point out the wrongdoings, make them admit it and then correct it,” said Dinesh Prasain, a sociologist at Tribhuvan University.
The peaceful protests in the country were successful in putting pressure on the government.
Prime Minister Khadga Prasad Oli’s government imposed a nationwide lockdown in March, sending tens of thousands of migrant workers, hungry and cashless, from the capital, Kathmandu, to their rural mountain villages, mirroring a similar exodus in neighbouring India.
At the same time, thousands of Nepalese streamed back across the Indian border, but there were no quarantine centres or government assistance to help them reach home.
Corruption claims
As Nepal’s caseload grew daily, Oli was publicly embroiled in a power struggle within the governing party and a feud with India over disputed borders.
Top officials were accused of corruption in local media over the government’s purchases of medical equipment and supplies from abroad.
Authorities failed to expand the country’s hospital bed capacity, and quarantine and isolation facilities. They also began relying on cheaper, less-accurate tests to determine the disease’s spread across the Himalayan nation.
“For months we stayed home and gave our support to the government obeying the orders, but during the lockdown, we realised the incompetence of the government to handle the coronavirus situation,” said Robic Upadhayay, a 29-year-old filmmaker.
Upadhayay joined friends locked at home in a social media campaign that quickly organised street protests under the banner “Enough is Enough,” attracting hundreds of thousands of online followers – a significant feat in a country of fewer than 30 million.
A social media post from Iih, a 29-year-old high school dropout who had previously campaigned for the rights of ethnic minorities, gathered 400 demonstrators at the first protest. He was detained by police.
“After weeks of lockdown, we thought that just protest in virtual space was not enough. It was an issue of life and death, so I asked on Instagram if anyone was ready to come out. There were 400 people who responded,” Iih, who goes by one name, said.
But a government response did not come easily, at first. Iih went on a hunger strike, initially for 12 days in June and then again for 23 days in July, when he had to be hospitalised because his health deteriorated.
The government gave in
The government finally gave in to the pressure of the growing campaign and signed an agreement with Iih on August 9 to scrap the use of rapid diagnostic tests for coronavirus, and instead rely entirely on the gold-standard PCR tests.
The government also agreed to provide better personal protective equipment (PPE) to front-line health workers treating COVID-19 patients and provide regular consultations with health experts.
It promised better access to medicines, which previously had not reached all hospitals, and committed to the free treatment of COVID-19 patients.
Other points included protection by local authorities of patients and their families from harassment by nervous neighbours, and publicising spending on anti-coronavirus measures.
“The peaceful protests in the country were successful in putting pressure on the government,” Iih said. “It also showed that the government, if willing, can actually work to better manage the situation, increase the number of tests and testing facilities, emphasise preventative measures, and isolate the area and people where there is infection.”
The government has increased the number of tests to more than 10,000 daily and has allowed private hospitals to conduct them. It has also given the authority to local district administrations to impose lockdowns and isolate areas of infection.
“The government has taken the demands by the youth positively and has agreed to the demands that are we are able to address. We assure to work together with the youths to combat the disease in the country,” Health ministry official Sameer Shrestha said.
However, the number of cases has been rising in Nepal – from 1,798 and eight deaths on June 1 to 48,138 and 306 deaths on September 8 – and restrictions have been reimposed in many parts of the country.
The protesters say they will return to the streets if the government fails to keep its promises.
