‘Headed for disaster’: Argentinians protest against IMF debt deal
Thousands gathered in Buenos Aires to protest against government’s bid to renegotiate its debts to the IMF.
Buenos Aires, Argentina – Thousands of people have rallied in Argentina’s capital, Buenos Aires, urging their government not to sign any kind of debt restructuring deal with the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
The protesters thronged Buenos Aires’s Plaza de Mayo on Saturday, carrying placards that read “No to a deal with the IMF” as colourful banners of the country’s largest social and left-wing organizations rippled under the beating sun and anti-IMF slogans roared on the loudspeakers.
“People might not be aware of a lot of things, but they are aware of the fact that the words ‘International Monetary Fund’ in this country … have always brought us more misery and more dependency,” said Carlos Aznarez of Organizaciones Libres del Pueblo, one of the groups that organised the rally.
“People understand that we are headed for disaster if we sign this agreement,” he said.
Argentina’s government is in the midst of negotiations with the IMF to restructure $44bn that it owes to the global fund.
The loan dates back to 2018, when then-president Mauricio Macri signed on to a $57bn agreement with the international lender of last resort, making it the largest loan in IMF history. Some $44bn was dispersed, but President Alberto Fernandez, who took office in 2020, has refused the rest, and set out to renegotiate repayment terms of the loan.
The current agreement calls for repayments of $19bn each in 2022 and 2023 — amounts that many say the government cannot afford to pay back amid a groaning recession that has seen inflation skyrocket and poverty continue to climb.
The social organizations on the street on Saturday say that paying off the debt will inevitably lead to austerity measures that will hurt ordinary Argentines.
They fear an increase in the cost of utilities, an increase in interest rates, a reduction in public works, cutbacks to state employees, pensions and social spending. These are measures that Argentines have seen before, some as recently as in 2018, when the government imposed an IMF-backed plan to slash public spending in order to pay off debt.
But it’s the role the IMF played leading up to and during the financial meltdown of 2001 that continues to enrage many Argentines. At the time, the government devalued its currency and banned bank withdrawals after defaulted on its $93bn debt, triggering widespread social unrest as unemployment and poverty skyrocketed.
Fernandez, who lost political support in last month’s mid-term legislative elections, has been talking tough, vowing that Argentina “will not go down on its knees” before the IMF, while at the same time promising to pay back what it owes.
A faction of his party, led by the powerful Vice President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, has opposed any cuts to public spending.
“You know, Alberto, that there is talk of external restriction, and that Argentina lacks dollars,” Fernandez de Kircher said on Friday, addressing the president at an event celebrating Democracy Day, which marked 38 years since the end of the last military dictatorship in Argentina.
“But there is no shortage of dollars; they were taken abroad to tax havens, by the billions. Make a commitment that every dollar that they took without paying taxes will come back. Make it a point of negotiation.”
The president responded by telling Fernandez de Kirchner to “remain calm, we are not going to sign anything that would endanger the growth of Argentina”.
On the same day, the IMF released a statement to mark the end of the latest round of talks in Washington, noting that while technical work had advanced, “further discussions are needed”.
“The teams agreed that broad support – both domestically in Argentina and within the international community – would also be critical to the overall success of the economic program,” the statement said.
But that will be hard to come by in Argentina, which has repeatedly defaulted on external debt and had to turn to the IMF for financial help.
“There is an overwhelming mistrust from a big part of society with respect to the IMF because there isn’t a collective sense that the IMF has actually helped Argentina,” Martin Kalos, an Argentine economist, told Al Jazeera.
“The influence of the IMF on the policies in Argentina has been very clear many times,” he said.
“From explicit programs designed and approved by the IMF to finance times of crisis, as occurred in 2001, to IMF and government officials pointing out that Argentina was the IMF’s best student.”
He said those policies “didn’t didn’t end up mitigating moments of crisis and in some cases, helped put us in crisis”.
However, not coming to an agreement with the IMF would “maintain a scenario of uncertainty” with respect to the availability of financing that Argentina needs now to be able to claw itself out of the financial crisis, said Kalos, director of the consultancy firm EP y CA Consultores.
The issue, he added, is that the IMF is not designed nor interested in dealing with the root causes of Argentina’s never-ending financial woes. Because the problem is not financing, but a structural issue in an economy that does not have enough sectors of high productivity, he said.
“Argentina needs to generate and promote new productive niches to generate another dynamic. So that they can trigger growth,” said Kalos.
The organizations protesting in Buenos Aires on Saturday say it is the people who must decide if the government should pay the IMF back.
They say the question must be put to the public in a referendum.
“The government has to suspend paying off the debt so that it can redirect that money to help the people who need it the most, who are the people who can’t make it to the end of the month, who have to go to a community soup kitchen to be able to feed their families,” said Ana Barreto, a leader for the social organization Libres del Sur.
Prices have increased 52 percent over the last 12 months, according to government statistics, and more than 40 percent of the population is living below the poverty line.
“The barrios don’t have food. Literally,” added Aznarez from the Organizaciones Libres del Pueblo.
“We’re trying to provide milk to the barrios that don’t have it, even though the government says it is sending some, but we can’t do that forever.”
He noted that the protest on Saturday was smaller than it would have been because the trains from the south of the capital city, where activism is strongest, were not running because of track repairs — something he alleged was deliberate on the part of the government. “This is going to be a very difficult year. We’re going to be in the streets all the time,” he said.
On the periphery of the march, Paula Avales sat on the curb waiting for her sister. She didn’t come to attend the demonstration, but is living the economic crisis in her home city of Pilar, in the province of Buenos Aires.
“Our money only covers food,” said Avales, 38. “Nothing else. Just [enough] to survive.”
Her husband is a public employee who, thankfully, was able to maintain his job throughout the pandemic.
But Avales has had no luck getting a job. Beyond the social assistance that could be jeopardized by an agreement with the IMF, she says what is most crucial is generating employment.
“Work. I want to work. I’m always looking for work, and I can’t find any.”