UK top court rules Shamima Begum cannot return

The United Kingdom’s highest court has ruled Shamima Begum, a woman who was stripped of her citizenship after fleeing to Syria to join ISIL (ISIS), should not be allowed to return to the country to challenge the decision, because she poses a security risk.

Begum left London in 2015 when she was 15 and travelled to Syria, via Turkey, with two friends from her school.

Now 21, she is currently being held in a detention camp in Syria after her British citizenship was revoked in 2019 by then-Home Secretary Sajid Javid.

Javid argued at the time that Begum was eligible for Bangladeshi citizenship, the birth country of her parents.

But international law forbids countries from making people stateless by revoking their only citizenship.

The UK’s Court of Appeal previously agreed she could only have a fair appeal of Javid’s decision if she were allowed back into the country.

In its unanimous ruling on Friday, however, the Supreme Court overturned that decision, meaning that although she can still pursue her appeal against the decision to take away her citizenship, she cannot do that in the UK.

The UK government, guided by intelligence agencies, had argued that those who aligned with ISIL posed a serious risk to national security.

“If a vital public interest – in this case, the safety of the public – makes it impossible for a case to be fairly heard, then the courts cannot ordinarily hear it,” the Supreme Court judges concluded.

In Syria, Begum married an ISIL fighter and lived in Raqqa, the capital of the self-declared caliphate. She had three children since leaving the UK, all of whom have since died.

Her case has been the subject of a heated debate in the UK.

Some say she forsook her right to citizenship by joining ISIL, while others believe she should not be left stateless and must face trial at home.

After the decision, “She is British” was trending on Twitter.

PM Johnson welcomes ruling

British Prime Minister Boris Johnson welcomed Friday’s ruling.

“We are pleased with the Supreme Court’s unanimous decision. As we’ve said before the government’s priority is maintaining our national security and decisions to deprive individuals of their citizenship are not taken lightly,” his spokesman told reporters.

“We will always ensure the safety and security of the UK and will not allow anything to jeopardise this.”

Javid also supported the Supreme Court’s decision.

“There are no simple solutions to this situation, but any restrictions of rights and freedoms faced by this individual are a direct consequence of the extreme actions that she and others have taken,” Javid tweeted.

However, rights groups condemned the decision.

Maya Foa, director of Reprieve, said the UK’s legal system was “the right place for us to decide what’s in the interest of justice but also what’s in the interest of security”.

Foa called on the government to repatriate all British citizens left in “unstable, desert camps” in northern Syria.

“After they’ve been repatriated, for some, there will need to be prosecutions, and our justice system in Britain is perfectly well equipped to deal with those prosecutions,” she told Al Jazeera.

“And then for others, including the majority of children who are detained there, they will need support for rehabilitation and reintegration.”

Human rights group Liberty tweeted: “The right to a fair trial protects all of us. Stripping someone’s citizenship without due process sets a dangerous precedent.

Liberty said although the government had claimed Begum was eligible for Bangladeshi citizenship, she was born in the UK and had never held a Bangladeshi passport.

In 2019, Bangladesh’s State Minister for Foreign Affairs Shahriar Alam told Al Jazeera there was “no question of [Begum] being a Bangladeshi citizen as she never visited the country”.